Handwritten Character Recognition of South Indian Scripts: A Review

Handwritten character recognition is always a frontier area of research in the field of pattern recognition and image processing and there is a large demand for OCR on hand written documents. Even though, sufficient studies have performed in foreign scripts like Chinese, Japanese and Arabic characters, only a very few work can be traced for handwritten character recognition of Indian scripts especially for the South Indian scripts. This paper provides an overview of offline handwritten character recognition in South Indian Scripts, namely Malayalam, Tamil, Kannada and Telungu.Comment: Paper presented on the "National Conference on Indian Language Computing", Kochi, February 19-20, 2011. 6 pages, 5 figure

Synthesis and temperature dependent fluorescence properties of nanoscale europium doped yttria derived in presence of tween-80 and beta-alanine

A novel procedure for the synthesis of uniform europium doped yttria powder was developed. It was prepared by chemically growth-controlled method in the presence of surface modifier. A mixture of Tween-80 (polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitate) and β-alanine, was used as surface modifier. The obtained powder was pure and highly crystalline. The powder was also examined via Fourier transformation infra red (FTIR) spectroscopy to determine the presence of nitrate ions along with the powder at pre and post calcination. Thermal behavior of the powder was investigated by thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermal analysis (DTA). High Resolution Transmission Microscopy (HRTEM) reveals that the particle size is around 22 nm. Chemical microanalysis of europium doped yttria was made by energy dispersive spectrum analyzer (EDS) attached along with HRTEM and indicated a Y/Eu atomic ratio 2.1. The fluorescence spectra of calcined powder showed that the Eu3+ ions were in low symmetry bonding sites in the yttria structure

LES of Reacting Mixing Layers: Species Concentration Boundedness and Inflow Conditions

The present work carries out large-eddy simulations of the low-speed, high-Reynolds number, chemically-reacting mixing layer experiments by Slessor et. al. In particular, we study the low-heat release case with prescribed turbulent inflow conditions. The objective of the present work is to gain insight into the physics of the reacting shear layer and to address some associated computational challenges. This set of experiments are at subsonic conditions and use hydrogen and fluorine as the fuel and oxidizer, respectively. The hypergolic reaction between H_2 and F_2, as it was run in the Slessor et al. experiments, is characterized by a large Damköhler number, making the chemistry fast compared to the flow time scales: the product formation and temperature-rise in the flow is mixing-limited. In this work, we attempt to address the issue of overshoots and undershoots of species mass-frictions, often observed in LES of high-Reynolds number flows, by modifying the convective fluxes. We observe that the modified fluxes eliminate the global excursions of species mass-fraction concentration. A three dimensional simulation is performed by imposing synthetic turbulence at the inflow, generated using the digital filter approach of Klein et al., to mimic the experimental flow conditions. The velocity profiles, growth rate, and product thickness obtained from the simulations show a good match with the experimental data, but the peak value of temperature-rise is slightly over predicted

Large-Eddy Simulation of Autoignition-Dominated Supersonic Combustion

The simulation of low-speed combustion flows is well established. However, at high-speed conditions where radical formation and ignition delay are important, there is much less experience with turbulent combustion modeling. In the present work, a novel evolution variable manifold (EVM) approach of Cymbalist and Dimotakis is implemented in a production CFO code and preliminary RANS and large-eddy simulations are computed for a hydrogen combustion test case. The EVM approach solves a scalar conservation equation for the induction time to represent ignition delay. The state or the combustion products is tabulated as a function of density, energy, mixture fraction, and the evolution variable. A thermodynamically-consistent numerical flux function is developed and the approach for coupling the EVM table to CFD is discussed. Initial simulations show that the EVM approach produces good agreement with full chemical kinetics and model simulations. Work remains to be done to improve the numerical stability, extend the grid, and increase the order or accuracy of the simulations

Characteristics of Fatal Cases of Pandemic Influenza A (H1N1) from September 2009 to January 2010 in Saurashtra Region, India

Background: India reported first case of 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus infection in May, 2009 and Saurashtra region in August, 2009. We describe the characteristics of fatal cases of 2009 influenza A (H1N1) infection reported in Saurashtra region. Methods: From September, 2009 to January, 2010, we observed 71 fatal cases that were infected with 2009 influenza A (H1N1) virus and admitted in different hospitals in Rajkot city. Real-time reverse-transcriptase-polymerase-chain-reaction (RT-PCR) testing was used to confirm infection; the clinico-epidemiological features were observed and documented. Results: Median age of the deceased (71) was 29 years, and 57.7% were females. Median time observed was 5 days from onset of illness to diagnosis of influenza A (H1N1), and 57.7% were referred from general practitioner (OR=0.42, CI=0.24-0.74). Median hospital stay reported was 3 days. All admitted patients received oseltamivir, but only 16.9% received it within 2 days of onset of illness. The most common symptoms were cough (97.2%), fever (93%), sore throat and shortness of breath. Co-morbid conditions were present in almost half of the patients who ultimately died, the most common of which was pregnancy (OR=0.15, CI=0.04-0.52). Radiological pneumonia was reported in 98% patients. Conclusion: Residing in urban area, delayed referral from general practitioner, presence of co-existing condition, especially pregnancy was responsible for mortality among influenza A (H1N1) infected positive

ANALYSIS OF SOFT STORY MULTISTORED STEEL STRUCTURE BUILDING

This paper focusing on soft storey Multi-storey steel structure buildings, These building are becoming increasingly common and economical in developed and developing countries with the increase in urbanization all over the world. Many of these buildings do not have structural walls at ground floor level to increase the flexibility of the space for recreational use such as parking or for retail or commercial use. these buildings which possess storey that are significantly weaker or more flexible than adjacent storey are known as soft storey buildings, these are characterized by having a story which has a lot of open space. while the un obstructed space of the soft story might be aesthetically or commercially desirable, it also means that there are less opportunities to install shear walls, specialized walls which are designed to distribute lateral forces so that a building can cope with the swaying characteristic of an earthquake. Soft-storey is also called as flexible storey. a large number of buildings with soft storey have been built in recent year. but it showed poor performance during past earthquake. soft story’s are subjected to larger lateral loads during earthquakes and under lateral loads their lateral deformations are greater than those of other floors so the design of structural members of soft stories is critical and it should be different from the upper floors. In this thesis “ analysis of soft-storey for Multi-storeyed steel structure building in zone ” 2 “, applying the analyse and explore the behaviour of soft-storey at different floor level of building under seismic load actions respectively

Clinical rabies: is cure possible?

Rabies is a fatal disease in humans and till date survivors of the disease after the clinical onset of the illness are rare. The approach to management of rabies is usually palliative. In rare cases of paralytic rabies a trial for cure has been tried. No single therapeutic agent is likely to be effective, but a combination of specific therapies could be considered, including rabies vaccine, rabies immunoglobulin, monoclonal antibodies, ribavirin, interferon alpha, ketamine etc. the only reported cases in literature were with rare success of the Milwaukee protocol. This is the case report of a 45 year old male who presented with clinical rabies and was started on the trial. Has the treatment had any benefit is to be debated and further options discussed